What Are Employee Share Option Schemes?

The increasing popularity of employee share option schemes is attributed to their strategic benefits, recognised by governments, directors, and shareholders.

This extensive use highlights the flexibility and potential advantages these schemes offer to businesses and employees alike.

The main reasons that share schemes are used is to:

  • Attract individuals to a senior role or to retain them over a long period of time
  • Motivate senior employees to increase performance and achieve greater targets
  • Get more “buy in” from employees as it allows them to share in the success of the company

Share schemes can be either HMRC-approved or unapproved.

If they are approved, the individual and/or the company issuing these share options benefit from specific tax reliefs, further enhancing their ”value”.

For a scheme to be approved, the scheme terms, the company, and the employees must qualify under the relevant legislation.

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Different Types of Share Schemes and Their Agreements

There are a number of types of share schemes that are commonly used, including the following:

Enterprise Management Schemes (EMI)

EMI options are by far the most popular as they can be drafted for groups of employees as part of a scheme or tailored to the requirements of an individual employee.

Being an approved scheme, the employee will, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions, benefit from relief from income tax and national insurance contributions (NICs) on the receipt of the shares as well as benefit from business asset disposal relief on capital gain tax on a subsequent sale of the shares. Such schemes are often used for companies aiming to attract and retain top talent.

The conditions to exercise these share options may be flexible and tailored to achieve specific company performance targets or other criteria.

Company Share Option Plan (CSOP)

CSOPs are approved schemes for larger companies giving the employee, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions, income tax and NICs relief on the receipt of the shares.

They do not need to apply to all employees and can be subject to performance criteria.

However, they can only be exercised at least 3 years after their grant in order to receive the tax benefits.

Save As You Earn Schemes (SAYE)

These are both a share option scheme as well as a savings scheme and are more popular in companies with large numbers of employees.

They apply to all (eligible) employees ,making it more complex to administer.

As an approved scheme, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions, the employee receives income tax and NICs relief.

Share Incentive Plans (SIP)

These allow employees to acquire shares as opposed to share options.

There are 4 types of share available under a SIP: free shares, partnership shares, matching shares and dividend shares.

These schemes are very flexible as the company can decide the elements it wishes to implement and the level of award.

Unapproved Schemes

Companies may issue unapproved options to maintain flexibility in rewarding employees without meeting HMRC qualifying standards. These are very flexible and are beneficial where the shares under option do not qualify under any approved schemes.

Unapproved schemes, while lacking tax benefits, can also grant significant exercise price flexibility.

Employee Benefit Trusts (EBTs)

EBTs are commonly used in larger employee share schemes such as CSOPs, SAYE schemes and SIPs where the EBT is required to acquire and hold shares in the company to provide benefits to both employees and former employees.

They can also be used to simply “warehouse” shares on behalf of the company.

Understanding the differences between these enables decisions to meet specific business and employee needs.

Conditions to Exercising Options

Share options can include a number of different types of conditions which need to be achieved before the option can be exercised.

These can be performance or event related, for example:

  • Performance conditions – these can be based on financial performance of the company such as sales or profit or on an individual or team basis
  • Event conditions – the most common event is a sale of the company (known as an “Exit Only Option”), but other events could be a minimum length of service

The conditions could also be a mixture of both, for example a sale of the company provided that the sale value is of a minimum amount.

How Our Corporate Team Can Help

We have assisted companies in preparing all types of employee share option plans, including:

  • EMI options: individual plans and schemes with individual awards – exit only, performance / time based and combinations
  • We regularly work with companies in conjunction with tax advisors / accountants in assessing the options available and setting up suitable schemes, complying with HMRC requirements and ensuring they meet the legal and tax objectives
  • A well-crafted agreement can provide substantial future tax advantages for the company and employees

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Employee Share Option Schemes Case Studies

Advising a Supply Chain Technology Business on Employee Share Incentive Arrangements

Client Intro

Our client is a UK-based supply chain technology business that develops software and technology solutions designed to improve efficiency, visibility and decision-making across complex supply chains.

Case Overview

Andrew Brown, supported by Melissa Chaplow and Caoimhe Leece, advised the company on implementing employee share incentives designed to align key employees with the long-term growth and success of the business.

The project involved the grant of Enterprise Management Incentive (EMI) share options to qualifying employees through standalone EMI option agreements, alongside unapproved share options for employees who did not qualify under EMI legislation. Both arrangements were structured so that options could only be exercised on the occurrence of an exit event, such as a share sale or asset sale, and where a specified value threshold had been achieved.

Our Corporate team advised on the full range of employee share incentive arrangements available to the company and recommended the most appropriate structure based on its objectives and growth plans. We also drafted and implemented all accompanying documentation.

Working alongside the company's accountants, who advised on valuation matters and HMRC clearance, we delivered a tailored incentive solution that enabled the company to reward and retain key personnel while preserving alignment with shareholder objectives.

The matter demonstrates our expertise in the practical implementation of employee ownership and share incentive arrangements for fast-growing businesses and highlights our ability to balance commercial, tax and legal considerations when structuring employee participation.

Advising a Consultancy Group on a Bespoke EMI Share Option and Employee Ownership Structure

Client Intro

Our client is a UK-based consultancy group providing specialist health, safety and construction-related advisory services to organisations across a range of sectors.

Case Overview

Palma Percze advised the group on the implementation of a complex employee incentive structure involving an Enterprise Management Incentive (EMI) share option and an existing Employee Benefit Trust (EBT).

The transaction centred on the grant of an EMI option to a key employee representing approximately 5% of the company's issued share capital on exercise. The arrangement required careful structuring to achieve the desired commercial outcome while remaining compliant with applicable tax legislation.

Working closely with the client's tax advisers, our team designed and implemented a bespoke share incentive framework including the creation of a new share class with tailored dividend and capital rights. This required the drafting and adoption of new articles of association reflecting the rights attaching to the incentive shares.

The matter was further complicated by the existence of an Employee Benefit Trust in which the employee was already a beneficiary. We advised on mechanisms designed to prevent duplication of economic benefits between direct share ownership and trust participation, including the preparation of letters of wishes and associated trust-related documentation.

In addition, our team advised on trustee succession arrangements, implemented changes to the trust structure and adopted subsidiary constitutional documentation for the trading entity.

This matter highlights our expertise in designing sophisticated equity incentive arrangements combining EMI options, bespoke shareholder rights and Employee Benefit Trust structures.

Advising a Media Group on Strategic Employee Equity Incentives

Client Intro

Our client is a UK-based media and marketing group operating across digital, creative and communications sectors.

Case Overview

Andrew Brown, supported by Melissa Chaplow, advised the group on the establishment of a company-wide employee incentive programme designed to support future growth and reward key employees.

The project involved creating an Enterprise Management Incentive (EMI) scheme and granting options to participating employees under a formal set of plan rules, supported by individual option agreements. Unapproved share options were also implemented for employees who did not qualify for EMI treatment.

The options were structured to align employee rewards with shareholder outcomes, becoming exercisable only upon a future exit event, such as a share or asset sale, and subject to the achievement of a significant value threshold.

In addition to implementing the incentive arrangements, our Corporate team advised on a subdivision of the company's share capital to ensure the intended allocation of option rights could be achieved. We also revised and updated the company's articles of association to accommodate the new equity structure and ensure alignment with the existing shareholder arrangements.

Working closely with the company's accountants, who advised on valuation, tax and HMRC clearance matters, we delivered a comprehensive solution combining incentive planning, constitutional amendments and share capital reorganisation.

The matter demonstrates Myerson's expertise in implementing employee ownership and equity incentive strategies while integrating them within a company's broader capital and governance structure.

Advising a Care Services Group on £10 Million Growth Share Incentive Schemes

Client Intro

Our client is a UK-based care services group operating residential care homes and related healthcare facilities.

Case Overview

Chris Moss, supported by Charlotte Peers, advised the group on the implementation of two formal growth share schemes as part of a wider corporate reorganisation.

The incentive arrangements were designed to reward future value creation and align key individuals with the long-term success of the business. Working closely with the client and its specialist tax advisers, our team helped design and implement bespoke growth share structures incorporating tailored hurdle rates, growth triggers and exercise conditions.

The transaction required the creation of two new classes of shares together with the drafting and adoption of new articles of association containing detailed provisions governing participation rights, valuation methodologies and future shareholder arrangements.

Particular care was required to ensure the incentive arrangements integrated effectively within the wider group restructuring while delivering the desired commercial and tax outcomes for management and shareholders alike.

With a potential value of up to £10 million, the transaction represents a significant example of our experience in advising businesses on sophisticated equity incentive structures and highlights our ability to combine employee ownership expertise with complex corporate reorganisation work.

Working alongside the client's tax advisers, our team delivered a tailored solution designed to support both immediate strategic objectives and the group's long-term growth plans.

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