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What is Receivership?

Receivership is a process where a secured creditor appoints a receiver to manage or sell a company’s assets to recover a debt. It is a formal procedure, often triggered when a company defaults on a secured loan.

The receiver, who is often a licensed insolvency practitioner, takes control of the assets and sells them to repay the creditor.

In very limited circumstances, the holder of a debenture containing fixed and floating charges over all or substantially all of the assets of a company may appoint an administrative receiver over the company’s assets and business generally.

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Types: Fixed Charge, LPA Receivership, and Administrative Receivership

In regards to LPA and Fixed Charge Receiverships, it is common for the enforcement and receivership provisions of security documents to provide that a receiver will have all the powers granted to receivers appointed under the Law of Property Act 1925 (LPA 1925). 

Notwithstanding this, in most cases, the receiver’s powers granted under the relevant security documents will exceed the powers set out in LPA 1925.

In regards to Administrative Receivers, they have all the powers conferred on them by the relevant security to manage the business and they also have specific powers under the Insolvency Act (IA 1986). 

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When Can a Receiver Be Appointed?

A receiver can be appointed when a debtor defaults on loan or other debt obligations and the creditor’s interest is secured over the debtor’s assets (e.g. by way of a mortgage or a charge). The appointment is often made by the creditor or sometimes by the court.

What Are a Receiver’s Powers?

LPA and Fixed Charge Receivers:

  • The power to receive and account for income from the mortgaged property.
  • The power to sell or otherwise dispose of the assets, if granted by the charge.
  • The power to take possession of the assets.
  • Powers to protect the assets, for example, by insuring them against damage or arranging for their repair.
  • A general power to carry out any action necessary or conducive to getting in, possessing and preserving the assets within the scope of the receivership appointment.

Administrative Receivers:

  • Power to collect in and sell property.
  • Power to borrow money and grant security.
  • Power to insure property and appoint agents.
  • Power to establish subsidiaries and transfer viable parts of the business to them.
  • The ability to apply to court to dispose of property subject to prior security if it promotes a more advantageous realisation.
  • All powers conferred under the security document and Schedule 1 of the IA 1986.

Impact on Directors and the Business

The appointment of a receiver displaces the directors’ power of management over the assets that are subject to the receivership. However, a receivership appointment does not remove the directors from office and, accordingly, the directors may exercise their residual powers in areas unaffected by the receivership. The directors of the company also have the power to challenge the actions of the receiver or to challenge the validity of the charge under which the receiver is appointed.

As the floating charge holder's charge must be over the whole (or substantially the whole) of the property of the company for it to be able to appoint an administrative receiver, the administrative receiver will effectively replace the directors in the management of the company.

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Insolvency Sales and Retention of Title

How Retention of Title Claims Work in Receivership

Retention of title (ROT) clauses are contractual provisions that allow a supplier to retain ownership of goods until they are fully paid for by the buyer, even after delivery.

In the context of receiverships, these clauses become relevant when the buyer company becomes insolvent and a receiver is appointed to manage its assets. In such circumstances, the supplier can then make a claim to recover their goods if they haven’t been paid for, provided the ROT clause is valid and the goods can be identified.

It is crucial that suppliers act quickly to notify the receiver about their ROT claim and provide evidence of ownership and identification of the goods.

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How We Can Help

  • Whether you are a company director, a creditor of the company or a receiver, our expert insolvency and restructuring solicitors can help ensure the best possible outcome is achieved.
  • Urgent advice when receivers are appointed.
  • Challenging unlawful asset disposals or breaches of duty by a receiver.
  • Protecting the position of our clients, utilising both negotiation and litigation where appropriate.

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Receivership FAQs

Below are some of the most frequently asked questions about Receivership. For additional guidance, please see our full list of Receivership FAQs.

 

What does chargee mean?

The chargee is the person or company that has the benefit of a charge, usually a bank or a finance company. 

What does chargor mean?

The chargor is the person or company who grants a charge. 

Who has the right to appoint an LPA Receiver?

A mortgagee or chargee with the benefit of a fixed charge (usually over property) has the right to appoint an LPA Receiver under the Law of Property Act 1925. 

It is a statutory right and it is implied into any mortgage or charge executed as a deed. 

Notwithstanding this, most security documents will in any event confirm the mortgagee’s or chargee’s power to appoint an LPA Receiver. 

Who has the right to appoint a Fixed Charge Receiver?

A chargee may have the contractual right to appoint a Fixer Charge Receiver under an agreement with a chargor.  Typically, the chargee’s right to appoint a Fixed Charge Receiver is contained in the security document creating the fixed charge.

Who can appoint an Administrative Receiver?

Creditors who satisfy one or more of the following criteria can appoint an administrative receiver:

  • The holder of a floating charge over the whole or substantially the whole of the property of a company provided that the charge was created before 15 September 2003.
  • A qualifying floating charge holder who has a floating charge over the whole or substantially the whole of the property of a company where one of the statutory exceptions as set out in sections 72B to 72GA of the IA 1986 applies.

Please note that a creditor cannot appoint an administrative receiver over the assets of a foreign company.  An administrative receiver’s appointment must be over the assets of a company incorporated under the Companies Act 2006 in England, Wales or Scotland. 

Over what assets can an LPA Receiver be appointed?

An LPA Receiver may be appointed in respect of the property of a company, a partnership or an individual.  An LPA Receiver, although appointed by the mortgagee, acts as agent for the mortgagor.  The income or other rent derived from the property is paid to the LPA Receiver as agent of the mortgagor. 

Over what assets can a Fixed Charge Receiver be appointed?

A creditor can appoint a Fixed Charge Receiver over any asset in respect of which it holds a fixed charge.  The relevant security documents will typically purport to create fixed charges over a variety of assets.  However, whether a charge over an asset is fixed is a matter of fact as opposed to the intention of the parties when drafting the security document.

Why Work With Our Insolvency Team

  • We are ranked in the Legal 500 and Chambers and Partners for our legal expertise.
  • Richard Wolff, our Head of Insolvency, has been recognised as a leading partner by the Legal 500, recognising the strongest partners in their field, leading on market-leading deals and endorsed by peers and clients alike.
  • You will receive city-quality advice at regional prices.
  • Price transparency – we provide our clients with a cost estimate at the outset of any engagement with ongoing cost updates throughout the matter.
  • Our Partner-led service ensures that you receive the very best legal advice and commercially focussed support.
  • Our insolvency and restructuring team has in depth experience across a diverse variety of sectors, focused on achieving your objectives and meeting your deadlines.
  • We are a full-service law firm operating from a single-site office, which means our teams communicate effectively and efficiently and our insolvency and restructuring lawyers can draw on support when required from other specialist lawyers such as those in our corporate, property and dispute resolution teams.
  • Our insolvency and restructuring solicitors use the latest technology to ensure that we are working as efficiently as possible and that geographical distance does not prevent us from providing you with excellent client service.
  • Our fast response times enable us to deal with time-sensitive enforcement scenarios. 
  • We have excellent working relationships with many national, regional and local independent insolvency practitioners who can be called upon to provide their advice and input as and when required. 
  • Check out the Myerson Promise for more information on the benefits of working with us. 

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Receivership Case Studies

Acting for joint receivers of commercial property located in Manchester

We advised the joint receivers of a commercial property based in Manchester in relation to the security held over that property, their appointment as receivers and subsequently on the realisation of the property. Our advice included considering other registered interests contained on the title register and previous transactions in relation to the relevant property.

Acting for director of real estate company

We advised a director of a real estate company in relation to the appointment of receivers over a property owned by the company. We advised our client as to whether the receivers had been validly appointed and how the receivers’ appointment could be terminated. Ultimately, the receivers’ appointment was terminated upon the completion of our client arranging the refinancing of the property with an alternative lender. Our Commercial Property team dealt with the refinancing.

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Meet Our Receivership & Lender Enforcement Solicitors

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Richard Wolff

Richard is a Partner and Head of our Insolvency and Restructuring Team

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Vicky Biggs

Vicky is a Legal Director in our Insolvency Team and Restructuring Team

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Jack Ramsden

Jack is an Associate in our Insolvency and Restructuring Team

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James Banks

James is Trainee Solicitor in the Insolvency department.

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Jennifer is an Associate in our Property Litigation Team

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Vikki Wright

Vikki is an Associate in our Property Litigation Team

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Laura Pile

Laura is a Partner and Head of our Property Litigation Team

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Amna Iqbal

Amna is a Solicitor in our Dispute Resolution Team

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Jack Diggines

Jack is an Associate in our Dispute Resolution Team

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Sven Clarke

Sven is a Partner in our Dispute Resolution Team

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Karen Taylor

Karen is a Legal Director in our Property Litigation Team

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You can contact our lawyers below if you have any more questions or want more information:

0161 941 4000