What is the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975?

The Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975 allows certain categories of people to bring a claim for financial provision from an estate if they have been left out of a Will or have not received reasonable financial provision.

The Act applies in England and Wales and commonly allows claims by spouses, civil partners, children, cohabiting partners and financial dependants. The court will consider the claimant’s circumstances, financial needs and the size and nature of the estate when deciding whether financial provision may be appropriate.

Strict time limits apply to claims under the Act and, in most cases, a claim must be brought within 6 months from the date of the Grant of Probate or Letters of Administration.

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Reasonable Financial Provision for Spouses and Civil Partners

If you are the spouse or civil partner of the deceased, the court will consider what financial provision is reasonable in all the circumstances, irrespective of whether such provision is required for your maintenance.

The starting point (and only the starting point) is what you might have received had the marriage or partnership ended on divorce, rather than death.

The court may consider the claimant’s standard of living and expectations. There is less emphasis on a maintenance need, although the claimant’s financial position and needs will be considered.

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What can a SpouseCivil Partner Expect

Financial Provision for Children, Partners, and Other Dependants

For all other categories of claimant, reasonable financial provision is limited to what is required for your maintenance.

Maintenance is not defined within the Act, but it generally means what is necessary to meet daily living costs.

Maintenance is not about supporting a claimant to live a lavish lifestyle, nor is it about providing the bare minimum to allow them to live at a subsistence level.

What may be required for a claimant’s maintenance will depend on the circumstances of the case.

For example, this may include funds to pay debts, cover essential living costs, or address any monthly deficit. It may also include expenditures such as medical treatment or the cost of obtaining qualifications, which may improve the claimant’s future employment prospects.

It is important to identify and evidence your financial needs at an early stage.

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Reasonable Financial Provision in Inheritance Act Claims FAQs

What will the court consider when determining what reasonable financial provision is?

The Act sets out the factors the court may consider when deciding a claim. This includes:

  • The financial needs and resources which the claimant has now and in the future
  • The financial needs and resources which any other claimant has now and in the future
  • The financial needs and resources which the beneficiaries have now and in the future
  • Any obligations and responsibilities that the deceased had towards the claimant and beneficiaries
  • The size and nature of the deceased’s net estate
  • Any physical or mental disability which the claimant or beneficiaries have
  • Any other matter, including the conduct of the claimant or any other person, which in the circumstances of the case the court may consider relevant

For spouses or civil partners, the court will also consider additional factors such as the age of the claimant, the length of the marriage or civil partnership and the contributions made by the claimant to the welfare of the family.

The court may also look in detail at the claimant’s assets and assess the value of any assets held by the claimant and the deceased together.

What evidence is required to demonstrate a financial need?

To support a claim, a claimant should prepare clear evidence of their income, outgoings, assets, debts and financial resources, and explain how these relate to their day-to-day living and maintenance needs.

Spouses and civil partners are not required to show evidence of financial need, but will be required to provide full disclosure of all income and assets.

Children, partners and other dependants are likely to be required to show evidence of financial need. This is likely to include completing a financial questionnaire setting out sources of income, savings and monthly expenditure. In most cases, bank statements are likely to be required as evidence of income and expenditure.

What kind of financial provision can be made?

The court has discretion as to the type of financial provision which may be appropriate and this will depend on the claimant’s particular needs and the size of the estate.

An award could be:

  • A lump sum of money
  • Periodic payments
  • A transfer of property or assets

The outcome will depend on the individual case and the evidence the claimant provides. Time limits and procedural rules can apply, so it is important to take legal advice early.

Watch: Inheritance Act Claims Explained

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